By: Sheunesu Hwande
Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) has been widely recognized as a key strategy for improving food security and building climate-resilient farming systems in Africa, especially in the face of changing climate patterns. In Zimbabwe, the Pfumvudza/Intwasa program was introduced to promote conservation agriculture practices such as minimum tillage, mulching, and timely planting.
However, recent field observations and research indicate a decline in farmer commitment to the program. One major setback has been the delayed distribution of inputs, even during seasons of early rainfall—as already witnessed in many areas during the early onset of the 2025–2026 agricultural season. Additionally, there is low youth participation, as many young people are migrating to mining areas or abroad in search of better income, citing limited profitability and poor market access in agriculture.
Farmers are also discouraged by the inequitable distribution of inputs—some receive seeds and fertilizers late or not at all, while others who have not prepared their fields receive everything. Combined with inadequate financial support and lack of proper training, this has led to disillusionment. In some regions, farmers are shifting away from field crops toward horticulture and livestock farming—particularly poultry and goats, which have seen growth in recent years.
Some farmers argue that Pfumvudza is not suitable for everyone, saying it was mainly introduced as a recovery strategy for those who lost cattle to January Disease. Others question the relevance of digging planting holes when they still own draught power. A portion of farmers even view the program as outdated and primitive.
To address these challenges, there is need for timely and fair distribution of inputs, improved financial and technical support for farmers, and meaningful engagement of youth through training and market development. Strong collaboration between government, the private sector, NGOs, and communities is vital for reviving Pfumvudza and ensuring it remains a relevant tool for sustainable, climate-smart agriculture in Zimbabwe.
